i want to fly

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respectfully in your sleeve

Thursday, September 2, 2010 | 8:52 pm

her and she will open the gate. On the door of the palace inside, there is a vajra knocker. Use it to knock. One hundred deva maidens will then appear and present you with precious stones. Do not converse with them; knock again on the door. Finally the naga girl, a beautiful bluish girl, decorated with gem-studded ornaments and called Lovely Maiden, will arrive. Ask her to lend her ears to your story, and then request the jewel from her. She will present you with the precious jewel that is blue and shines with five-colored rays of light. Accept it immediately and, without letting it slip away, wrap it respectfully in your sleeve and return here. That is the precious gem that will fulfill all your wishes.” Thus the captain instructed the king and sent him on his way.

The king then went on as prescribed, and. crossing first the seven rings of lakes, he reached the place of the poisonous snakes. Here the king meditated on bodhichitta and was therefore unharmed by the peril of the venomous breath of the serpents. At the wall he made a supplication to the naga girl guarding the gate, and it opened. Using the vajra knocker he knocked on the door of the palace. After a short while the naga girl Lovely Maiden appeared.

“Few people have ever reached my palace. You must be a man of great merit. What do you want?” she said.

After the king had told his whole story in detail, he said. “I have come to get the precious jewel.”

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A more natural approach

Sunday, August 29, 2010 | 10:46 pm

It is a curiosity of our intellectual history that problems of acquisition of knowledge and belief have generally been investigated in a way that to a scientist might seem rather perverse. There has been little attention to the problem of characterizing “what is learned”. Rather, certain a priori assumptions have been presented as to how learning take place: princi¬ples of association, habit formation, and the like. These a priori assump¬tions have then been pursued with speculative and experimental studies of the systems that might be acquired by these methods, with virtually no effort to establish that the systems that can be acquired are those that are acquired. A more natural approach, it seems to me, is the one sketched above: analysis of the states attained, followed by attempts to determine the nature of systems capable of attaining these states under given con¬ditions of time and access to data, and investigation of the physical basis for these achievements, whatever it may be.
Psychologists sometimes go so far as to define their discipline so as to exclude consideration of the states attained. Thus it is common to, distinguish “linguistics,” taken as the study of grammar, from “psychol¬ogy,” which is concerned with behavior and learning.” To a scientist following the course outlined for S, this would seem a senseless distinc¬tion. Linguistics is simply that part of psychology that is concerned with one specific class of steady states, the cognitive structures that are put to use in speaking and understanding. The study of language learning is himself to a description of turning on the ignition, whereas the model of language that he is condemning in these remarks is concerned rather to give an account of the state of the system that is activated by these manip¬ulations.
Let us ask finally how 5 might go about describing the results of his inquiries. Specifically, consider the much-debated question whether the cognitive structures 5 is attributing to the organism constitute some kind of belief or knowledge.

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James in 1820

Sunday, August 15, 2010 | 8:42 pm

 

King who, during the very wet summer of 1876, likened the Powder River Valley to the Sahara.

Overall, and irrespective of whether conditions were very wet or moderately dry, the most frequently cited criteria for negative assess­ments of the plains during nondrought years were the absence of trees and the presence of sand hills and plains. The latter appears to have been, at least in part, a legacy of the environmental descriptions provided by Zcbulon Pike in 1806 and Edwin James in 1820. Pike wrote of his westward journey up the Arkansas Valley:

These vast plains of the western hemisphere, may become in time equally cel­ebrated as the sandy deserts of Africa; for I saw in my route, in various places, tracts of many leagues, where the wind had thrown up the sand, in all the fan­ciful forms of the ocean’s rolling wave, and on which not a speck of vegetable matter existed. (Jackson, 1966, 2:27)

James’s delimitation of the “Great Desert” was similarly based. “The Rocky Mountains may be considered as forming the shore of the sea of sand, which is traversed by the Platte, and extends northward to the Missouri, above the great bend” (Thwaitcs, 1905, 248). It is un­clear, however, why James made this assumption for the northern plains because none of the members of the Lewis and Clark expedi­tion cited the presence of sand hills or plains as a basis for their desert designations.

Under moderately dry conditions when the incidence of negative assessment increased to 44 percent, a third element was added—the sparse growth of desiccated grass. John K. Townsend’s description of the country west of the forks of the Platte in May 1834 was typical.

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The Plains squirrel

Thursday, August 12, 2010 | 8:28 pm

 

 

The Plains squirrel is well equipped to survive in his en­vironment. He exemplifies what frequently happened when men crossed the line. In the East men were accustomed to a squirrel that climbed trees; when they struck the Plains they found that the animal no longer went up but down. The contrast was more than their minds could grasp, and so they made the Plains squirrel a dog!

The wolf and the coyote, though arrant cowards, are the outlaws of the Plains, the enemies of all animals, especially those in misfortune. Horace Creeley described the coyote as “a sneaking, cowardly little wretch of dull or dirty-white color, much resembling a small short-bodied dog set up on pretty long legs.” It ekes out a rather miserable living on insects, rodents, prairie dogs, and the helpless young of the smaller animals. Its range is almost identical with that of the jack rabbit, extending from the central Mississippi Valley to the Pacific coast and from Costa Rica to northern Atha­basca. Within this area are to be found a dozen species, differing slightly from one another in size and habits.

Greeley described the gray wolf as “a scoundrel of more imposing caliber,” whose delight it was to cut off a cow from the buffalo herd, rip the hamstrings, and then pull the animal down at leisure. He much preferred, however, to find a buffalo that some hunter had wounded. Such an animal soon ceased to be a buffalo and became “mere wolf-meat before another morning.” The wolf’s impudence, cunning, and cautious opportunism which induced him to prey on those in misfortune led the tactless Greeley to denominate him the prairie lawyer.1

Since the coming of American civilization the wolves and coyotes have always been serious economic problems for the Western stockman. Most of the large ranches keep dogs with which to chase them, usually the larger and swifter.

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. Holds also collectively

Tuesday, August 10, 2010 | 8:33 pm

Holds also collectively of all cxpcricncc, and that experience as such and in its totality owes whatever truth it may be posscsscd-of to its correspondence with absolute realities outside of its own being. This evidently is the popular and traditional position. From the fact that fi­nite experiences must draw support from one another, philosophers pass to the notion that experience uberhaupt must need an absolute support. ‘Ihe denial of such a notion by humanism lies probably at the root of most of the dislike which it incurs.

But is this not the globe, the elephant and the tortoise over again? Must not something end by supporting itself? Humanism is willing to let finite experience be self-supporting. Somewhere being must immed iately breast nonentity. Why may not the advancing front of experience, carrying its immanent satisfactions and dissatisfactions, cut against the black inane as the luminous orb of the moon cuts the cacrulcan abyss? Why should anywhere the world be absolutely fixed and finished? And if reality genuinely grows, why may it not grow in these very determina­tions which here and now are made?

In point of fact it actually seems to grow by our mental determina­tions, be these never so ‘true.’ Take the great bear* or ‘dipper’ constel­lation in the heavens. We call it by that name, we count the stars and call them seven, wc say thev were seven before thev were counted, and wc say that whether any one had ever noted the fact or not, the dim rcscmblancc to a long-tailed (or long- ncckcd?) animal was always truly there. But what do wc mean by this projection into past eternity of re­cent human ways of thinking? Did an ‘absolute’ thinker actually do the counting, tell off the stars upon his standing numbcr-tallv, and make the bear-comparison, sillv as the latter is? Were thev explicitly seven, explicitly bear-like, before the human witness came? Surely nothing in the truth of the attributions drives us to think this.

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The disease of the East

Sunday, August 8, 2010 | 8:04 pm

As the causes of this disease must always have pre­vailed, its antiquity is probably high. Some of its symp­toms are mentioned by Hippocrates, and it seems to •be mentioned distinctly by Strabo, lib. xvi. sub finem. Uousseus also supposes it to be the disease which so severely afflicted the Roman army under the command of Caesar Germnnicus; Pliny, xxv. 3. The accounts, however, are vague and unsatisfactory, and that of Join- ville in his History of St. Louis is more striking. He refers the disease to the army eating a kind of fish (bourbcttes) thai feed on human boc! • s; and describes the spots, the’wasting of the calves of the leg, and the haemorrhages (p.       It is remarkable that he calls it

The disease of the East.

As a disease of mariners, it first particularly attracted notice in Vasco de Gama’s famous voyage, 149″, frequently occurred in • voyages during the next fifty years; but the disease was first particularly mentioned in the Botanologicum of Euritius Cordus, who recom­mends the lesser celandine for it. The first professed work on the scurvy seems to be that of Ecthius, in 1541, though probably not first published; but the first in which the disease was distinctly noticed at some length is that of Wierus, in 1507; but as Wierus eclipsed his colemporaries, so he was in turn obscured by Eugale- nus, whose treatise was for many years the standard. We have introduced this short early history chiefly to remark, that it is mentioned by these authors as an eastern or northern disease, particularly observed in Holland, and on the north of Germany and D^pmark, where it seems to have been the genuine offspring of inactivity, gloom, and damp. At no great distance of time, however, it was appropriated to this country, and it has continued to haunt the minds of many imaginary sick men, as well as to be an opprobrium to the country and its inhabitants.

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Par menta’le

Thursday, August 5, 2010 | 10:47 pm

Par unguals. The ninth pair of nerves from the head.

Par menta’le. See Levatores labii infe- rioris.

Par va’gum. The eighth pair of nerves from the hepd, uervi vagi, and sympathrtia rnettii. This pair is n^ade up of several small chords which come from almost the whole length of the medulla oblongata, and when joined with the accessorius Willisii, a small chord running up laterally from the medulla spinalis, pass though the foramen to jom x\V\s pair, which goes out by that common hole between the temporal and (Occipi­tal bono4?, where likewise the internal jugular vein goes out of the cranium, The p3r vagum goes down the neck, by the side of the carotid arteries, and behind the internal jugular, and is accompanied by the intercostal nerve to the las? cervical vertebra. In the neck the par vagum 6ends oft’ the lingual and superior laryngeal branch} thence passes down into the thorax, gives branches to the pharynx, larynx, &c. and joins many nerves. As they enter the thorax they go across the subclavian arteries, and, as the right trunk passes before the subclavian, it sends off a twig, which bends back­wards un<kr the artery, and runs up the side of the aspera arteria; called the recurrent nerve. Afterwards the par vagum runs down behind the lungs, to which ihey give a plexus, and then form two chords, ono anterior, the other posterior, called ncrvi stomachic!, which pass along the ensophngus through the aperture in the diaphragm, and are dispersed on the stomach, &c. See Nervi.

PA RA. A Greek preposition, often signifying in composition, disease merely; sometimes, btyond and beskks. It occasionally increases and sometimes dimi­nishes the force of the word compounded with it,

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The surgery of Hippocrates

Tuesday, August 3, 2010 | 8:18 pm

 

 

He recommcnds the mandragora in a dose below that, which produces delirium, and thinks it useful in the violent paroxysms to which those affected with melan­cholia are sometimes subject. The juice of the man­dragora, and the wild cucurbit diluted with milk, is to be injected into the anus to relieve prolapsus, or bleeding piles, and into the vagina, to evacuate the vessels of the uterus. But to cure quartans he mixed the mandragora with byoscyamus, silphiuro (probably asafa:tida), and trefoil, giving them together in wine.

To correct rigidity lie employed baths, fumigations, and gargles. Oils, impregnated with different flowers, sometimes with aromatics, were also freely ordered j cataplasms and ointments, sometimes stiffened with wax, but scarcely in any instance consolidated into what may be now called a plaster, were frequently employed. The oils were generally rubbed in after exercise, and thence called acupa, relievers of fatigue. It was an idle faucy of the alchemists that Hippocrates was an expe­rienced chemist.

The surgery of Hippocrates is scattered through a great pumber of tracts, but this part of the subject has been anticipated in the history of surgery. (SeeCHiuu kgia.) Yet, on recurring to that article with a more circumspect eye, we perceive omissions which we shall now endea­vour to supply.

A minute attention, which seems to have prevailed io the Gnidian school, to the form of bandages, he rejects as rather curious than useful. The patient, he remarks, requires assistance, not ornament j and whatever does not contribute to his ease or his relief, he thinks unde­serving of attention. He penetrated bones with an instrument not unlike the modern trephine; and even the ribs, to evacuate water collected io the chest.

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The berries are chiefly

Sunday, August 1, 2010 | 7:34 pm

berries are chiefly brought to us from Holland or from Italy. They should be chosen fresh, not much shrivelled, and free from mouldiness. They have a mo­derately strong, but not disagreeable, smell; a warm pungent sweetish taste, which, if previously bruised, is followed by a considerable bitterness. The sweetness seems to reside in the juice, or pulpy part of the berry; the pungency in the bark; the bitterness in the seeds ; and the aromatic flavour in the oily vesicles spread throughout the pulp and the seeds. In the dried ber­ries this oil is hardened into a resinous substance, visible on breaking the seeds, which are called ehcl. They give out nearly all their virtue both to water and to spirit. Distilled with water they yield a yellowish es­sential oil, alchitron, resembling, in its medical virtues, that of turpentine, and are carminative, stomachic, de­terment, and diuretic.

The London college orders the spiritus juniperi comp. compound sp)m i of junipf.k, formerly called aq. juniperi compo&itu, to be made by adding to a gallon of proof spirit, with as much water as is sufficient to pre­vent empyreuma, one pound of juniper berries, bruised; carraway and fennel seeds, bruised, of each one ounce and a half; from this a gallon is to be distilled. Pharm. Lond. 1788.

The coriander seeds answer the purpose of the other aroraatics; but half a pound is required to a pound of the berries. The common spirit, called gin, is fla­voured by these berries, though often with turpentine. The name is derived from the Italian ghmipero.

The rob of juuiper berries is prepared by boiling ju­niper berries well bruised in water, and inspissating this, or the decoctioa after distilling the oil, to the con­sistence of thick honey. This is so greatly esteemed as

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THE LOGICAL PRESENTATION

Friday, July 30, 2010 | 8:54 pm

The presen¬tation of this purposiveness has nothing to do with a feeling of you.
THE LOGICAL PRESENTATION
pleasure in things but rather with the understanding in our judging of them. When the concept of an object is given and we use it for cognition, the task of judgment is to exhibit (exhibere) the concept, i.e., to place beside the concept an intuition corresponding to it.34 Exhibition may occur by reebok easy tone means of our own imagination, as happens in art, where a concept which we have already formed of an object that is a purpose for us is made real. Or it may come about by nature, through its technic35 (as in the case of organized vibram fivefingers bodies), where we attribute to nature our concept of a purpose in order to judge its product; mbt in that case we present not just a purposiveness of nature in the form of the thing, but present the reebok shoes product itself as a natural purpose. Although vibram five fingers our reebok easytone concept of a subjective purposiveness [mani¬fested) in nature's forms in terms of empirical laws is not at all a concept of the object, but is only a principle of judgment by which it provides itself with concepts in nature's immense diversity (so that judgment can orient itself in this diversity), we are still attributing to nature, on the analogy of a purpose, a concern, as it were, for our cognitive power. Hence mbt shoes clearance we may regard natural beauty as the exhibition of the concept of formal (merely subjective) purposiveness, and may regard natural purposes as the reebok easy tone exhibition of the concept of a real (objective) purposiveness, the first ugg of which we judge by taste (aesthetically, by means of the reebok easytone feeling of pleasure), and the second by understanding and reason (logically, according ugg boots sale to concepts).
This is the basis for dividing the critique of judgment into that reebok zigtech of aesthetic and that of teleological judgment. By the first I mean the power mbt shoes to judge formal purposiveness (sometimes also called cheap ugg subjec¬tive purposiveness) by the feeling of pleasure or displeasure; by the second I mean the power reebok zigtech to judge the real (objective) purposiveness of nature by understanding and reason.
In a ugg boots critique of judgment, the part that deals with aesthetic judg¬ment belongs to it essentially. p90x For this power alone contains a prin¬ciple that judgment lays completely a priori at the basis of its reflection on nature: the reebok easytone principle of a formal uggs purposiveness of nature, in terms of its particular (empirical) laws, for our cognitive power, without. Kant characterizes the technic of nature as "nature's power to reebok produce |things] in terms of purposes” (Ak. 390-91). The term is derived from the Greek in the sense that includes craft.)
which principle the understanding could not find its way about in nature. By contrast, we cannot indicate any a priori basis whatever (for saying] that there must be objective purposes in nature, i.e., things possible only as natural purposes.

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